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built
by Antoninus Pius in Regio IV on the north side of the Sacra Via just east
of the street (Corneta?) dividing it from the Basilica Paulli in honor of
his deified wife, who died in A.D. 141 (S.H.A.
Ant. Pius 6.7). After his own death and deification
in 161, the temple was rededicated to both (S.H.A.
Ant. Pius 13.4). The first dedication is
inscribed on the architrave and the second on the frieze, the decoration
of which was chiseled away to receive it (CIL
VI 1005).Thereafter, it was properly known as
the Templum Divi Antonini et Divae Faustinae (CIL
VI 2001). It was called the Templum Faustinae
(S.H.A.
Salon. 1.4 [Gall. 19.4] ; Notitia) and Templum Divi Pii (S.H.A.
Carac. 4.2). It is shown on coins of Faustina
( Cohen ed. 2, Faustine
mère 64-71, 191-94, 253-55, 274; RIC 3.69-76 nos. 343, 354, 388, 396,406 and 162-169 nos. 1115, 1137, 1138, 1148, 1152,
1168, 1195).
The temple was raised on a lofty podium faced with blocks of peperino finished
with moldings at base and crown, with a stair extending across the whole
front. In the middle of the stair are remains of an altar. A fragment of
marble relief with figures of gods in archaistic style has been identified
as belonging to this altar ( Lissi
1957 50-57). At the top of the stair were squarish
statue bases to either side. Most of the stair has disappeared, robbed out
for building material, but in 1899 the removal of the later pavement of
the Sacra Via brought to light the three lowest steps of the stair, and
it has since been reconstructed.
The temple was hexastyle, prostyle, with two additional
columns to either side of the pronaos. The columns are monoliths of cipollino
with Corinthian capitals and bases of white marble. The entablature in white
marble ran down the flanks and probably around the whole building. The frieze
is carved with griffins and scrolls flanking candelabra. The cornice, fragments
of which are still in place, is elaborate in the Antonine taste. Although
the tympanum was dismantled and destroyed, fragments of it and of the lateral
antefixes showing female figures carrying cornucopias have been recovered
and made reconstruction possible.
The lateral walls of the cella are of peperino
ashlar masonry, built into the church of S. Lorenzo in Miranda. On the coins
the temple is shown with pedimental sculptures and acroteria, but of these
there is no trace today. Fragments of a colossal male and a colossal female
statue were found, which are probably to be identified as the cult statues.
The whole temple was revetted with marble plates simulating drafted ashlar
above a plain dado that have disappeared. For the history of the church
into which the temple was converted, see
Hülsen
1927 288-89.
--L. Richardson, jr.
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